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# Machine learning inside the network
- URL: https://www.james-corcoran.com/machine-learning-inside-the-network/
- Published: 2026-08-10T22:03:44.000Z
- Updated: 2026-08-11T07:59:05.000Z
- Description: ML inference running directly inside a programmable network switch, bringing market prediction closer to the data.
- Author: James Corcoran
- Tags: Research Radar

## 

**Paper**  
In-Network Market Prediction Using Machine Learning and Limit Order Books

**Authors**  
Xinpeng Hong, Changgang Zheng, Joshua Lilley, Stefan Zohren, Noa Zilberman

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*In-Network Market Prediction Using Machine Learning and Limit Order Books* presents LOBIN, a system that builds a limit order book and runs ML inference directly on a programmable network switch.

Implemented in P4 (a programming language for defining how network switches process and forward packets) on an Intel Tofino switch, LOBIN processes market-by-order data in the network data plane rather than sending it to a server. The system supports tree-based models operating on three levels of the order book.

The switch achieves microsecond-level inference latency and processes up to 3.2 Tbps. A hybrid design routes high-confidence predictions through the switch and sends uncertain cases to a larger server-side model, processing around 45% of market-data traffic on the switch in the authors' experiments.

[Read the paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.02424v1?ref=james-corcoran.com)